英语语法:倍数的表达方法和译法

时间:2024-06-30 12:45:39
英语语法:倍数的表达方法和译法

英语语法:倍数的表达方法和译法

  导语:英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。下面是小编为您收集整理的关于英语倍数的表达方法和译法,欢迎阅读!

  英语倍数的用法:倍数减少

  (一)A is n times as small (light, slow, ...) as B. ⑿

  A is n times smaller (lighter, slower, ...) than B. ⒀

  以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量、速度、……)是B的1/n,或A比B小(轻、慢、……)(n-1)/n。

  eg: The hydrogen atom is nearly 16 times as light as the oxygen atom.

  氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。

  eg: This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.

  这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。

  注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B 常被省去。

  (二)decrease n times / n-fold ⒁

  decrease by n times ⒂

  decrease by a factor of n ⒃

  以上三句均译为:减少到1/n,或减少(n-1)/n。decrease常被reduce、shorten、go/slow down 等词替代。

  eg: Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.

  新型晶体管的`开关时间缩短到1/3(即缩短了2/3)。

  eg: When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.

  电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即降低90%)。

  eg: The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.

  该设备误差概率降低了4/5。

  (三)There is a n-fold decrease / reduction... ⒄

  应译为:减至1/n,或减少(n-1)/n。

  这个句型还有其它一些形式,

  eg: A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.

  发现迅速减少到1/7。

  eg: The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.

  这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。

  从以上倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍。所以句型 ⑶、⑸ 表示的倍数增量=句型 ⑷;句型 ⒀ 表示的倍数比差=句型 ⑿,且decrease (by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。

  增加,减少,分别怎么翻译,都明白了吗?弱国还有什么不清楚的,多看看例句,或者自己造句翻译。这样可以使我们掌握得更好。

  英语倍数的用法:倍数增加

  (一)A is n times as great (long, much, ...) as B. ⑴

  A is n times greater (longer, more, ...) than B. ⑵

  A is n times the size (length, amount, ...) of B. ⑶

  以上三句都应译为:A的大小(长度、数量、……)是B的n倍,或A比B大(长、多、……)n-1倍。

  eg: This book is three times as long as that one. / three times longer than that one. / three times the length of that one.

  这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即比那本书长两倍)。

  注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than (as, of) B 常被省去。

  (二)increase to n times ⑷

  increase n times / n-fold ⑸

  increase by n times ⑹

  increase by a factor of n ⑺

  以上四句均应译为:增加到n倍,或增加n-1倍。

  eg: The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.

  集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

  eg: The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against 1986.

  化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

  eg: That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.

  那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

  eg: The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.

  漏电压增加了3倍(即增加到原来的4倍)。

  注:在这类句型中increase常被raise、grow、go/step up、multiply 等词所替代。

  (三)There is a n-fold increase / growth... ⑻

  应译为:增加n-1倍,或增至n倍。

  这个句型还有其它一些形式:

  eg: A record high increase in value of four times was reported.

  据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

  (四)double(增加1倍)、treble(增加2倍)、quadruple(增加3倍)⑼

  eg: The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.

  这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

  (五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:

  A is as much (large, long, ...) again as B. = A is twice as much (large, long, ...) as B. ⑽

  应译为:A比B多(大、长、……)1倍。

  A is half as much (large, long, ...) again as B. = A is one and a half times as much (large, long, ...) as B. ⑾

  应译为:A比B多(大、长、……)一半,即A是B的一倍半。

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